问答题 英译中Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations.One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system.An organization that has open lines of communication with valid，honest information going up，down，and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive.When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark，workers tend to become distrustful.This undermines their cooperation.It is easy to understand the value and importance of open，honest communications and valid information.Yet，few organizations are able to function in this manner.In the long run，poor communication will undermine the entire organization.Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking.We must avoid these stupid，short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.

单项选择题 1848年欧洲革命发生后，沙皇俄国和奥地利共同镇压了( ) A.捷克革命 B.匈牙利革命 C.波兰革命 D.意大利革命

问答题 英译中Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction，but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants.If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence，one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness，but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist.But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns，but so do cultural traits，for example，shaking hands，kissing，and embracing.Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars，in fact they only exist in people’s heads.But this is equally true of cultural traits，which indicate clearly a they only exist in people’s heads.But this is equally true of cultural traits，which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives，for example，diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.