Learning does not happen passively. It is an activity that a person does. It is a task
can be attempted in various ways, some of which are 【S1】 ______
more appropriate then others. When the material to be learned is of a brief and simple 【S2】______
kind which is familiar with the person and of intense interest to him, effective learning【S3】______
usually proceeds automatically. In the first place, the person at once relates the
material to another material which is already securely learned. Subsequently, the 【S4】 ______
relevance of the newly learned material to his interests ensures it's being recalled on 【S5】 ______
many occasions; and this repetition minimizes the likelihood of forgetting.
Furthermore, the subsequent use of the new material is like to take place in a 【S6】 ______
variety of contexts and, so, the material becomes relating to a wider range of other 【S7】______
material
Because of all this, the material is rapidly learned, long retained, and recalled
with increasingly readiness in an increasingly variety of contexts. Without really trying【S8】______
the person has fulfilled few important conditions of effective learning, conditions 【S9】______
expressed by William James as follow. 【S10】______
'Briefly, then, of two men with the same outward experiences and the same

A.
B.'
【S1】