未知题型
The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level. The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for awater molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean — we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents. A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form thethin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors. The word 'modifying' in line 4 is closest in meaning toA.changing
B.traveling
C.describing
D.destroying
The word 'which' in line 5 refers toA.clouds
B.oceans
C.continents
D.compounds
What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed inthe third paragraph?A.The potential energy contained in water
B.The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds
C.The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents
D.The relative size of the water storage areas
The word 'they' in line 24 refers toA.insoluble ions
B.soluble ions
C.soils
D.continents
- A.changing
B.traveling
C.describing
D.destroying
The
B.clouds
B.oceans
C.continents
D.compounds
What
C.The
D.The
E.The
F.The
G.insoluble
H.soluble
I.soils
D.continents
All
J.magnesium
B.iron
C.potassium
D.calcium
The
K.relationship
B.growth
C.influence
D.effectiveness
The
L.determine
M.prevent
N.move
O.regulate
P.precipitating
Q.changing
R.evaporating
S.being
T.significance
B.method
C.swiftness
D.reliability
【参考答案】
问题 1 解析：A
问题 2 解析：A
问题 3 解析：D
问题 4 解析：A
问题 5......
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N.many
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P.fish
Q.fish
R.fresh
S.the
T.ice
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U.growing
B.undeveloped
C.necessary
D.uninteresting
The
V.the
W.Moore
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Y.Moore's
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C.thrifty
D.well-established
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U.Single
V.Higher
W.Inconvenience
